13. Understanding SARS-CoV: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, as a Re-emerging Infection

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause serious illness in humans and other animals. In humans, they can trigger a variety of respiratory illnesses, including the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease it causes is called coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Like other coronaviruses, it has also come from animals. The majority of virus-infected individuals will experience a mild to severe respiratory disease and will recover without the need for special care. Nonetheless, some people will get serious illnesses and need to see a doctor. Serious sickness is more likely to strike older persons and those with underlying medical illnesses including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or chronic respiratory diseases. Covid-19 can cause anyone to become very ill or pass away at any age. During epidemics, up to one-third of the adult community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections. Furthermore, some coronaviruses may cause diarrhea in young children and infants. Mild to moderate respiratory illness is typical for those infected with the Covid-19 virus, but most people will recover without any special treatment. People over the age of 65 and those who already have conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma, or cancer are at a higher risk of becoming seriously ill.